From: db Sent: Monday, July 11, 2011 Subject: The Daily Stat: South Koreans Spend Heavily on "Shadow Education"
Parents in South Korea spend up to 30% of their income on the after-school lessons, cram schools, and practice exams that are known there as "shadow education," despite government efforts to reduce family expenditures on private tutoring. In 2009, 87.4% of primary-school students, 74.3% of middle-school students, and 62.8% of high-school students in South Korea received some form of private tutoring, according to Soojeong Lee of Dankook University and Roger C. Shouse of Penn State . Parents view shadow education not only as a requirement for good careers but also as a sign of status, the researchers say.
Source: The Impact of Prestige Orientation on Shadow Education in South Korea at http://soe.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/06/08/0038040711411278
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